营养就是（）

• A、多摄入各种有利于健康的食物

• B、机体从外界摄取食物为满足自身的生理需要

• C、为了健康和生长发育，多吃营养品，滋补品

• D、机体从外界摄取食物以满足自身生理需要所必需的生物学过程

• E、多吃营养品，滋补品，提高机体的抵抗力和免疫力

患者，女，13岁，去年小学会考学习十分紧张，常不吃早餐就去上学，父母认为患者学习过于繁忙，给予蜂乳、巧克力、排骨、奶粉等“滋补”。考试后，因未考上重点中学，心中闷闷不乐。某日体检，发现自己体重比另一同学重2kg，回家后老照镜子，认为自己太胖了，不及同学苗条。随后开始拒食任何“滋补品”，继而不吃肉、蛋。饭也越吃越少，一天50～100g，一年以来体重由去年33kg降至20kg，但患者执意需要保持身材而拒绝吃“长胖食物”。采用操作性条件反射治疗该患者时，给予正性强化物的唯一依据是（）。

A、是否三餐都进食了

B、是否吃了足够量的食物

C、是否吃了高营养的食物

D、体重是否增加了

E、病理性怕胖心理是否发生了改变

患者，女，13岁，去年小学会考学习十分紧张，常不吃早餐就去上学，父母认为患者学习过于繁忙，给予蜂乳、巧克力、排骨、奶粉等“滋补”。考试后，因未考上重点中学，心中闷闷不乐。某日体检，发现自己体重比另一同学重2kg，回家后老照镜子，认为自己太胖了，不及同学苗条。随后开始拒食任何“滋补品”，继而不吃肉、蛋。饭也越吃越少，一天50～100g，一年以来体重由去年33kg降至20kg，但患者执意需要保持身材而拒绝吃“长胖食物”。该患者治疗的首要目的是（）。

A、纠正患者的饮食习惯

B、恢复个体的营养状态

C、让患者认识到自己的疾病

D、促进患者的人格成长

E、给患者心理支持

You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparkingparticular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The "Coca" in the name referred to the extracts ofcoca leaf that the drink&39;s originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup (浆汁). At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic (滋补品), andPemberton&39;s sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. Butthe other half of the name presents another ingredient, less infamous (名声不好的), perhaps, but also strangely potent: the kola nut.

In West Africa, people have long chewed kola nuts as stimulants, because they containcaffeine that also occurs naturally in tea, coffee, and chocolate. They also have heartstimulants.

Historian Paul Lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in West Africa is hundreds ofyears old. The leafy, spreading trees were planted on graves and as part of traditional rituals. Even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands.

Europeans did not know of them until the 1500s, when Portuguese ships arrived on the coast ofwhat is now Sierra Leone. And while the Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts downthe coast along with other goods, by 1620, when English explorer Richard Jobson made his wayup the Gambia, the nuts were still peculiar to his eyes.

By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost. One such popularmedicinal drink was Vin Mariani, a French product consisting of coca extract mixed with redwine. It was created by a French chemist, Angelo Mariani, in 1863. So when Pemberton createdhis drink, it represented an ongoing trend. When cocaine eventually fell from grace as abeverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular.

The first year it was available, Coca-Cola averaged nine servings a day across all the Atlantasoda fountains where it was sold. As it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottlethe soda, so it could travel easily. Today about 1.9 billion Cokes are purchased daily. It&39;sbecome so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985—sweetening it in a move projectedto boost sales—proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. "Coca-ColaClassic" returned to store shelves just three months after the "New Coke" was released.

These days, the Coca-Cola recipe is a closely guarded secret. But it&39;s said to no longercontain kola nut extract, relying instead on artificial imitations to achieve the flavour.

What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton?

A.He used a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement.

B.He created a drink containing alcohol without breaking law.

C.He became notorious because of the coca drink he developed.

D. He risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca leaves.

How come kola-extract colas became popular?

A.A.Cocaine had become notorious.

B.B.Alcoholic drinks were prohibited.

C.C.Fountains were set up to sell them.

D.D.Rights were sold to bottle the soda.

What is known about the taste of Coca-Cola?

A.A.It was so designed as to create addiction in consumers.

B.B.It still relies on traditional kola nut extract.

C.C.It has become more popular among the old.

D.D.It has remained virtually unchanged since its creation.

What is the passage mainly about?

A.A.The evolution of Coca-Cola.

B.B.The success story of Coca-Cola.

C.C.The medicinal value of Coca-Cola.

D.D.The business strategy of Coca-Cola.

What can be inferred from the passage about 18-hour cities?

A.They especially appeal to small businesses.

B.They have seen a rise in property prices.

C.They have replaced quiet with excitement.

D.They h